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Mfumo wa vyama vingi ni hali ya kuwa na chama zaidi ya kimoja,katika nchi moja.Madhumuni ya kuwa na vyama vingi vya siasa ni kuleta ushindani wa kisiasa,ili kuleta maendeleo ya nchi,upinzani wa kisiasa sio uadui kama watu wengi kwenye nchi zinazoendelea wanavyodhani,kuwa na vyama vingi ni kuongeza wigo wa demokrasia katika jamii huska. Tanzania  ni nchi yenye mfumo wa vyama vingi vya siasa uliorejeshwa katika  katiba ya Tanzania  mwaka 1992. Chama tawala ni Chama cha Mapinduzi  (CCM) ambacho kimetokana na muungano kati ya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) na Afro Shiraz Party  (ASP) ya Zanzibar. Vyama vingine vya siasa Tanzania ni Civic United Front  (CUF), Tanzania Labour Party  (TLP), Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema), National Convention for Constitution and Reconstruction-Mageuzi  (NCCR-Mageuzi), National League of Democracy  (NLD), Democratic Party  (DP), na Demokrasia Makini .

Granted, and… thoughts on education by Grant Wiggins The 31 most influential classic books in education – a crowd-sourced list With the holidays soon upon us, I thought it appropriate to provide a list of what are arguably the most historically influential books in education, as we ponder gifts for colleagues, friends and loved ones who are educators. This list came from a crowd-source appeal via Twitter and an email to colleagues and friends. Each book on the list received at least 5 votes from the 50 or so folks who responded; good enough for me. Yes, I know – it’s subjective. Yes, I know – it’s almost all men. Yes, I know – you are appalled at the inclusion of x and the failure to include y. Yes, it probably reflects educators ‘of a certain age’. But, hey – it’s my blog, and that’s why there is a REPLY box: make your case! But recall the criterion: influential, not merely “I liked it”. In case you are interested, my choices were: Plato, Rousseau, Dewey, Polya, and Tyler. It...